cover letter是投稿中不可或缺的一部分,但因为这部分写作的模式较一致,一般同学都不用花太多时间,而作为SCI的正文,大部分同学都知道语言关一定要过 ,而很多时候,逻辑关系都被忽略,而事实上,它可能比语言更加重要,因为英文的科技文不需要华丽的语言,那种从句套从句,倒装又虚拟的“高级手法”都是不被欢迎的,而严谨的逻辑才是文章的灵魂,没有逻辑的语言是一堆shi!
今天给大家讲讲SCI论文写作中的语言技巧和逻辑关系,内容很全面,希望对初学的同学有帮助。
04
Discussion部分
时态
(a) 指出结果在哪些图表中列出,常用一般现在时。如:Figure 2 shows the variationin the temperature of the samples over time.
(b) 叙述或总结研究结果的内容为关于过去的事实,所以通常采用过去时。如:After flights ofless than two hours, 11% of the army pilots and 33% of the civilian pilotsreported back pain.
(c) 对研究结果进行说明或由其得出一般性推论时,多用现在时。如:The higher incidenceof back pain in civilian pilots may be due to their greater accumulated flyingtime.
(d) 不同结果之间或实验数据与理论模型之间进行比较时,多采一般现在时(这种比较关系多为不受时间影响的逻辑上的事实)。如:These results agree well with the findings of Smith, et al.
05
讨论部分
6.1 主要内容
1) 主要数据特征的总结
2) 主要结论以及与前人观点的对比
3) 本文的不足
第三点在一般作者看来不可取。事实上给出文章的不足恰恰是保护自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隐藏文章的漏洞,觉得别人看不出来,是非常不明智的。
所谓不足,包括以下内容:
a) 研究的问题有点片面
讨论时一定要说:
It should be noted that this study has examined only…
We concentrate (focus) on only...
We have to point out that we do not…
Some limitations of this study are...
b) 结论有些不足
The results do not imply…
The results can not be used to determine…
be taken as evidence of…
Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data…
Our results are lack of ...
但是,在指出这些不足之后,随后一定要再一次加强本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足,为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏笔。
Notwithstanding its limitation, this study does suggest…
However, these problems could be solved if we consider…
Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate…
用中文来说,这一部份是左右逢源。把审稿人想到的问题提前给一个交代,同时表明你已经在思考这些问题,但是由于文章长度,试验进度或者试验手段的制约,暂时不能回答这些问题。但是,这些通过你的一些建议,这些问题在将来的研究中游可能实现。
P.S.
坚信观点的真实性:prove, demonstrate
不确定性: show,indicate,found
表示推测: imply,suggest
6.2 关于结论中的时态:
(1) 回顾研究目的时,通常使用过去时。如:In this study, the effects of twodifferent learning methods were investigated.
(2) 如果所概述结果的有效性只是针对本次特定的研究,需用过去时;如果具有普遍的意义,则用现在时。如: Inthe first series of trials, the experimental values were all lower than thetheoretical predictions. The experimental and theoretical values for the yieldsagree well.
(3) 阐述由结果得出的推论时,通常使用现在时。如:The data reported heresuggest (These findings support the hypothesis, Our data provide evidence) thatthe reaction rate may be determined by the amount of oxygen available.
Some points of style
(摘自一个老外的Writing a Paper, 第一点和最后一点是我们经常用错的)
Do not usenouns as adjectives (不要把名词当作形容词用)
Not: ATP formation; reaction product
But: Formation of ATP; product of the reaction
The word “this” must always be followed by a noun, so that its reference isexplicit.
(This 后面必须跟一个名词)
Not: This is a fast reaction; This leads us to conclude..,
But: This reaction is fast; This observation leads us to conclude…
Describeexperimental results in the past tense. (试验结果用过去时)
Not: Addition of water gives product.
But: Addition of water gave product.
Use theactive voice whenever possible. (尽可能使用主动语态)
Not: It was observed that the solution turned red.
But: The solution turned red.
OR We observed that the solution turned red.
Complete allcomparisons. (使用完整的比较形式 A is higher than B)
Not: The yield was higher using bromine.
But: The yield was higher using bromine than chlorine.
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